The Basics

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Introduction

Laravel Nova is a beautiful administration dashboard for Laravel applications. Of course, the primary feature of Nova is the ability to administer your underlying database records using Eloquent. Nova accomplishes this by allowing you to define a Nova “resource” that corresponds to each Eloquent model in your application.

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Defining Resources

By default, Nova resources are stored in the app/Nova directory of your application. You may generate a new resource using the nova:resource Artisan command:

php artisan nova:resource Post

The most basic and fundamental property of a resource is its model property. This property tells Nova which Eloquent model the resource corresponds to:

namespace App\Nova;

class Post extends Resource
{
    /**
     * The model the resource corresponds to.
     *
     * @var class-string
     */
    public static $model = \App\Models\Post::class;
}

Freshly created Nova resources only contain an ID field definition. Don’t worry, we’ll add more fields to our resource soon.

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Registering Resources

Before resources are available within your Nova dashboard, they must first be registered with Nova. Resources are typically registered in your application’s app/Providers/NovaServiceProvider.php file. This file contains various configuration and bootstrapping code related to your Nova installation.

As mentioned above, you are not required to manually register your resources; however, if you choose to do so, you may do so by overriding the resources method of your NovaServiceProvider.

There are two approaches to manually registering resources. You may use the resourcesIn method to instruct Nova to register all Nova resources within a given directory. Alternatively, you may use the resources method to manually register individual resources:

use App\Nova\User;
use App\Nova\Post;

// ...

/**
 * Register the application's Nova resources.
 */
protected function resources(): void
{
    Nova::resourcesIn(app_path('Nova'));

    Nova::resources([
        User::class,
        Post::class,
    ]);
}

Once your resources are registered with Nova, they will be available in the Nova sidebar:

If you do not want a resource to appear in the sidebar, you may override the displayInNavigation property of your resource class:

/**
 * Indicates if the resource should be displayed in the sidebar.
 *
 * @var bool
 */
public static $displayInNavigation = false;

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Customizing Resource Menus

You can customize the resource’s menu by defining a menu method on your resource class:

use Illuminate\Http\Request;

// ...

/**
 * Get the menu that should represent the resource.
 *
 * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
 * @return \Laravel\Nova\Menu\MenuItem
 */
public function menu(Request $request)
{
    return parent::menu($request)->withBadge(function () {
        return static::$model::count();
    });
}

Please refer to the documentation on menu customization for more information.

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Grouping Resources

If you would like to separate resources into different sidebar groups, you may override the group property of your resource class:

/**
 * The logical group associated with the resource.
 *
 * @var string
 */
public static $group = 'Admin';

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Resource Table Style Customization

Nova supports a few visual customization options for your resources.

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Table Styles

Sometimes it’s convenient to show more data on your resource index tables. To accomplish this, you can use the “tight” table style option designed to increase the visual density of your table rows. To accomplish this, override the static $tableStyle property or the static tableStyle method on your resource class:

/**
 * The visual style used for the table. Available options are 'tight' and 'default'.
 *
 * @var string
 */
public static $tableStyle = 'tight';

This will display your table rows with less visual height, enabling more data to be shown:

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Column Borders

You can instruct Nova to display column borders by overriding the static $showColumnBorders property or the static showColumnBorders method on your resource class:

/**
 * Whether to show borders for each column on the X-axis.
 *
 * @var bool
 */
public static $showColumnBorders = true;

Setting this property to true will instruct Nova to display the table with borders on every table item:

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Resource Table Click Action

By default, when clicking on a resource table row, Nova will navigate to the detail view for the resource. However, you may want Nova to navigate to the edit form instead. You can customize this behavior by changing the clickAction property or the static clickAction method on your resource class:

Choosing the select option will select the resource row’s checkbox. The ignore option instructs Nova to ignore click events altogether.

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Eager Loading

If you routinely need to access a resource’s relationships within your fields, resource title, or resource subtitle, it may be a good idea to add the relationship to the with property of your resource. This property instructs Nova to always eager load the listed relationships when retrieving the resource.

For example, if you access a Post resource’s user relationship within the Post resource’s subtitle method, you should add the user relationship to the Post resource’s with property:

/**
 * The relationships that should be eager loaded on index queries.
 *
 * @var array
 */
public static $with = ['user'];

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Resource Replication

Sometimes, you may want to create a new resource while using all of the data from an existing resource as a starting point. Nova’s resource replication feature does just that. After clicking the replicate button, you’ll be whisked away to a resource creation form with all of the replicated resource’s data hydrated into the form and ready for tweaking:

To customize the replication model, you can override the replicate method on the resource class:

/**
 * Return a replicated resource.
 *
 * @return static
 *
 * @throws \InvalidArgumentException
 */
public function replicate()
{
    return tap(parent::replicate(), function ($resource) {
        $model = $resource->model();

        $model->name = 'Duplicate of '.$model->name;
    });
}

If you need to store a reference to the original resource’s ID, you may access the fromResourceId value on the replication request. Typically, this value would be accessed from an event listener or observer that is listening for the model’s creating event:

namespace App\Observers;

use App\Models\Post;
use Laravel\Nova\Http\Requests\NovaRequest;
use Laravel\Nova\Nova;

class PostObserver
{
    /**
     * Handle the creation of a new Post.
     */
    public function creating(Post $model): void
    {
        Nova::whenServing(function (NovaRequest $request) use ($model) {
            $model->parent_id = $request->input('fromResourceId');
        });
    }
}

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Resource Events

All Nova operations use the typical save, delete, forceDelete, restore Eloquent methods you are familiar with. Therefore, it is easy to listen for model events triggered by Nova and react to them. The easiest approach is to simply attach a Laravel model observer to a model:

use App\Models\User;
use App\Observers\UserObserver;

// ...

/**
 * Bootstrap any application services.
 */
public function boot(): void
{
    parent::boot();

    User::observe(UserObserver::class);
}

If you would like to attach an observer whose methods are invoked only during Nova related HTTP requests, you may register observers using the make method provided by the Laravel\Nova\Observable class. Typically, this should be done within your application’s NovaServiceProvider:

use App\Models\User;
use Laravel\Nova\Observable;
use App\Observers\UserObserver;

// ...

/**
 * Bootstrap any application services.
 */
public function boot(): void
{
    parent::boot();

    Observable::make(User::class, UserObserver::class);
}

Alternatively, you can determine if the current HTTP request is serving a Nova related request within the Observer itself using Nova’s whenServing method:

use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Laravel\Nova\Http\Requests\NovaRequest;
use Laravel\Nova\Nova;

// ...

/**
 * Handle the User "created" event.
 *
 * @return void
 */
public function created(User $user)
{
    Nova::whenServing(function (NovaRequest $request) use ($user) {
        // Only invoked during Nova requests...
    }, function (Request $request) use ($user) {
        // Invoked for non-Nova requests...
    });

    // Always invoked...
}

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Resource Hooks

Nova also allows you to define the following static methods on a resource to serve as hooks that are only invoked when the corresponding resource action is executed from within Laravel Nova:

• afterCreate
• afterUpdate
• afterDelete
• afterForceDelete
• afterRestore

For example, you may want to send an email verification notification after a user has been created within Nova:

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Laravel\Nova\Http\Requests\NovaRequest;

// ...

/**
 * Register a callback to be called after the resource is created.
 *
 * @return void
 */
public static function afterCreate(NovaRequest $request, Model $model)
{
    $model->sendEmailVerificationNotification();
}

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Preventing Conflicts

If a model has been updated since it was last retrieved by Nova, Nova will automatically respond with a 409 Conflict HTTP status code and display an error message to prevent unintentional model changes. This may occur if another user updates the model after you have opened the “Edit” page on the resource. This feature is also known as the Nova “Traffic Cop”.

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Disabling Traffic Cop

If you are not concerned with preventing conflicts, you can disable the Traffic Cop feature by setting the trafficCop property or trafficCop method return to false on a given resource class:

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Resource Polling

Nova can automatically fetch the latest records for a resource at a specified interval. To enable polling, override the polling property of your Resource class:

/**
 * Indicates whether the resource should automatically poll for new resources.
 *
 * @var bool
 */
public static $polling = true;

To customize the polling interval, you may override the pollingInterval property on your resource class with the number of seconds Nova should wait before fetching new resource records:

/**
 * The interval at which Nova should poll for new resources.
 *
 * @var int
 */
public static $pollingInterval = 5;

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Toggling Resource Polling

By default, when resource polling is enabled, there is no way to disable it once the page loads. You can instruct Nova to display a start / stop toggle button for resource polling by setting the showPollingToggle property on your resource class to true:

/**
 * Indicates whether to show the polling toggle button inside Nova.
 *
 * @var bool
 */
public static $showPollingToggle = true;

Nova will then display a clickable button that you may use to enable / disable polling for the resource:

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Redirection

Nova allows you to easily customize where a user is redirected after performing resource actions such as creating or updating a resource:

• redirectAfterCreate()
• redirectAfterUpdate()
• redirectAfterDelete()

Behind the scenes, Nova’s redirect features use Inertia.js’s visit method. Because of this, redirection is limited to paths within Laravel Nova. You may invoke the URL::remote method to redirect to an external URL:

use Laravel\Nova\URL;

// ...

return URL::remote('https://nova.laravel.com');

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After Creating Redirection

You may customize where a user is redirected after creating a resource using by overriding your resource’s redirectAfterCreate method:

use Laravel\Nova\Http\Requests\NovaRequest;
use Laravel\Nova\Resource as NovaResource;

// ... 

/**
 * Return the location to redirect the user after creation.
 *
 * @return \Laravel\Nova\URL|string
 */
public static function redirectAfterCreate(NovaRequest $request, NovaResource $resource)
{
    return '/resources/'.static::uriKey().'/'.$resource->getKey();
}

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After Updating Redirection

You may customize where a user is redirected after updating a resource using by overriding your resource’s redirectAfterUpdate method:

use Laravel\Nova\Http\Requests\NovaRequest;
use Laravel\Nova\Resource as NovaResource;

// ... 

/**
 * Return the location to redirect the user after update.
 *
 * @return \Laravel\Nova\URL|string
 */
public static function redirectAfterUpdate(NovaRequest $request, NovaResource $resource)
{
    return '/resources/'.static::uriKey().'/'.$resource->getKey();
}

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After Deletion Redirection

You may customize where a user is redirected after deleting a resource using by overriding your resource’s redirectAfterDelete method:

use Laravel\Nova\Http\Requests\NovaRequest;
use Laravel\Nova\Resource as NovaResource;

// ...

/**
 * Return the location to redirect the user after deletion.
 *
 * @return \Laravel\Nova\URL|string|null
 */
public static function redirectAfterDelete(NovaRequest $request)
{
    return null;
}

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Pagination

Nova has the ability to show pagination links for your Resource listings. You can choose between three different styles: “simple”, “load-more”, and “links”, depending on your application’s needs:

By default, Nova Resources are displayed using the “simple” style. However, you may customize this to use either the load-more or links styles by changing the value of the pagination configuration option within your application’s config/nova.php configuration file:

'pagination' => 'links',

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Customizing Pagination

If you would like to customize the selectable maximum result amounts shown on each resource’s “per page” filter menu, you can do so by customizing the resource’s perPageOptions property or perPageOptions method:

Using the $perPageViaRelationship property, you may also customize the number of resources displayed when a particular resource is displayed on another resource’s detail view as a relationship:

/**
 * The number of resources to show per page via relationships.
 *
 * @var int
 */
public static $perPageViaRelationship = 10;

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CSV Export

Occasionally you may need to export a group of resource records as a CSV file so that you can interact with the data in a spreadsheet application or import the data into another system. Thankfully, Nova includes built-in support for exporting resource data.

To get started, add the Laravel\Nova\Actions\ExportAsCsv action to your Nova resource:

use Laravel\Nova\Actions\ExportAsCsv;
use Laravel\Nova\Http\Requests\NovaRequest;

// ...

/**
 * Get the actions available for the resource.
 *
 * @return array<int, \Laravel\Nova\Actions\Action>
 */
public function actions(NovaRequest $request): array
{
    return [
        ExportAsCsv::make(),
    ];
}

If you would like to allow the user to name the CSV file that is downloaded, you may invoke the nameable method when registering the action:

use Laravel\Nova\Actions\ExportAsCsv;
use Laravel\Nova\Http\Requests\NovaRequest;

// ...

/**
 * Get the actions available for the resource.
 *
 * @return array<int, \Laravel\Nova\Actions\Action>
 */
public function actions(NovaRequest $request): array
{
    return [
        ExportAsCsv::make()->nameable(),
    ];
}

If you would like to customize and format the fields that are included in the generated CSV, you may invoke the withFormat method when registering the action:

use Laravel\Nova\Actions\ExportAsCsv;
use Laravel\Nova\Http\Requests\NovaRequest;

// ...

/**
 * Get the actions available for the resource.
 *
 * @return array<int, \Laravel\Nova\Actions\Action>
 */
public function actions(NovaRequest $request): array
{
    return [
        ExportAsCsv::make()->withFormat(function ($model) {
            return [
                'ID' => $model->getKey(),
                'Name' => $model->name,
                'Email Address' => $model->email,
            ];
        }),
    ];
}

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Resource Index Search Debounce

You may wish to customize the search debounce timing of an individual resource’s index listing. For example, the queries executed to retrieve some resources may take longer than others. You can customize an individual resource’s search debounce by setting the debounce property on the resource class:

/**
 * The debounce amount (in seconds) to use when searching this resource.
 *
 * @var float
 */
public static $debounce = 0.5; // 0.5 seconds

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Keyboard Shortcuts

You may press the C key on a resource index to navigate to the “Create Resource” page. On the resource detail page, the E key may be used to navigate to the “Update Resource” page.