Fields

• Defining Fields
  • Field Column Conventions
• Showing / Hiding Fields
• Field Panels
• Sortable Fields
• Field Types
  • Avatar Field
  • Boolean Field
  • Code Field
  • Country Field
  • Currency Field
  • Date Field
  • DateTime Field
  • File Field
  • Gravatar Field
  • Heading Field
  • ID Field
  • Image Field
  • Markdown Field
  • Number Field
  • Password Field
  • Password Confirmation Field
  • Place Field
  • Select Field
  • Status Field
  • Text Field
  • Textarea Field
  • Timezone Field
  • Trix Field
• Computed Fields
• Customization
  • Nullable Fields
  • Field Help Text
  • Field Resolution / Formatting

Defining Fields

Each Nova resource contains a fields method. This method returns an array of fields, which generally extend the Laravel\Nova\Fields\Field class. Nova ships with a variety of fields out of the box, including fields for text inputs, booleans, dates, file uploads, Markdown, and more.

To add a field to a resource, we can simply add it to the resource's fields method. Typically, fields may be created using their static make method. This method accepts several arguments; however, you usually only need to pass the "human readable" name of the field. Nova will automatically "snake case" this string to determine the underlying database column:

use Laravel\Nova\Fields\ID;
use Laravel\Nova\Fields\Text;

/**
 * Get the fields displayed by the resource.
 *
 * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
 * @return array
 */
public function fields(Request $request)
{
    return [
        ID::make()->sortable(),
        Text::make('Name')->sortable(),
    ];
}

Field Column Conventions

As noted above, Nova will "snake case" the displayable name of the field to determine the underlying database column. However, if necessary, you may pass the column name as the second argument to the field's make method:

Text::make('Name', 'name_column')

Showing / Hiding Fields

Often, you will only want to display a field in certain situations. For example, there is typically no need to show a Password field on a resource index listing. Likewise, you may wish to only display a Created At field on the creation / update forms. Nova makes it a breeze to hide / show fields on certain pages.

The following methods may be used to show / hide fields based on the display context:

• hideFromIndex
• hideFromDetail
• hideWhenCreating
• hideWhenUpdating
• onlyOnIndex
• onlyOnDetail
• onlyOnForms
• exceptOnForms

You may chain any of these methods onto your field's definition in order to instruct Nova where the field should be displayed:

Text::make('Name')->hideFromIndex()

Field Panels

If your resource contains many fields, your resource "detail" page can become crowded. For that reason, you may choose to break up groups of fields into their own "panels":

You may do this by creating a new Panel instance within the fields method of a resource. Each panel requires a name and an array of fields that belong to that panel:

use Laravel\Nova\Panel;

/**
 * Get the fields displayed by the resource.
 *
 * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
 * @return array
 */
public function fields(Request $request)
{
    return [
        ID::make()->sortable(),

        new Panel('Address Information', $this->addressFields()),
    ];
}

/**
 * Get the address fields for the resource.
 *
 * @return array
 */
protected function addressFields()
{
    return [
        Place::make('Address', 'address_line_1')->hideFromIndex(),
        Text::make('Address Line 2')->hideFromIndex(),
        Text::make('City')->hideFromIndex(),
        Text::make('State')->hideFromIndex(),
        Text::make('Postal Code')->hideFromIndex(),
        Country::make('Country')->hideFromIndex(),
    ];
}

Sortable Fields

When attaching a field to a resource, you may use the sortable method to indicate that the resource index may be sorted by the given field:

Text::make('Name', 'name_column')->sortable()

Field Types

Relationship Fields

This portion of the documentation only discusses non-relationship fields. To learn more about relationship fields, check out their documentation.

Nova ships with a variety of field types. So, let's explore all of the available types and their options:

• Avatar
• Boolean
• Code
• Country
• Currency
• Date
• DateTime
• File
• Gravatar
• Heading
• ID
• Image
• Markdown
• Number
• Password
• Place
• Select
• Status
• Text
• Textarea
• Timezone
• Trix

Avatar Field

The Avatar field extends the Image field and accepts the same options and configuration:

use Laravel\Nova\Fields\Avatar;

Avatar::make('Avatar')

If a resource contains an Avatar field, that field will be displayed next to the resource's title when the resource is displayed in search results:

Boolean Field

The Boolean field may be used to represent a boolean / "tiny integer" column in your database. For example, assuming your database has a boolean column named active, you may attach a Boolean field to your resource like so:

use Laravel\Nova\Fields\Boolean;

Boolean::make('Active')

Customizing True / False Values

If you are using values other than true, false, 1, or 0 to represent "true" and "false", you may instruct Nova to use the custom values recognized by your application. To accomplish this, chain the trueValue and falseValue methods onto your field's definition:

Boolean::make('Active')
        ->trueValue('On')
        ->falseValue('Off');

Code Field

The Code fields provides a beautiful code editor within your Nova administration panel. Generally, code fields should be attached to TEXT database columns. However, you may also attach them to JSON database columns:

use Laravel\Nova\Fields\Code;

Code::make('Snippet')

Code Fields On The Index

By default, Nova will never display a Code field on a resource index listing.

Editing JSON

If you intend to use a given Code field instance to only edit JSON, you may chain the json method onto your field definition:

Code::make('Options')->json()

Syntax Highlighting

You may customize the language syntax highlighting of the Code field using the language method:

Code::make('Snippet')->language('php')

The Code field's currently supported languages are:

• dockerfile
• javascript
• markdown
• nginx
• php
• ruby
• sass
• shell
• vue
• xml
• yaml

Country Field

The Country field generates a Select field containing a list of the world's countries. The field will store the country's two-letter code:

use Laravel\Nova\Fields\Country;

Country::make('Country', 'country_code')

Currency Field

The Currency field generates a Number field that is automatically displayed using PHP's money_format function. You may specify the display format using the format method; otherwise, the %i format will be used:

use Laravel\Nova\Fields\Currency;

Currency::make('Price')

Currency::make('Price')->format('%.2n');

Date Field

The Date field may be used to store a date value (without time). For more information about dates and timezones within Nova, check out the additional date / timezone documentation:

use Laravel\Nova\Fields\Date;

Date::make('Birthday')

Date Formats

You may customize the display format of your Date fields using the format method. The format must be a format supported by Moment.js (opens new window):

Date::make('Birthday')->format('DD MMM'),

DateTime Field

The DateTime field may be used to store a date-time value. For more information about dates and timezones within Nova, check out the additional date / timezone documentation:

use Laravel\Nova\Fields\DateTime;

DateTime::make('Updated At')->hideFromIndex()

You may customize the display format of your DateTime fields using the format method. The format must be a format supported by Moment.js (opens new window):

Date::make('Created At')->format('DD MMM YYYY'),

File Field

To learn more about defining file fields and handling uploads, check out the additional file field documentation.

use Laravel\Nova\Fields\File;

File::make('Attachment')

Gravatar Field

The Gravatar field does not correspond to any column in your application's database. Instead, it will display the "Gravatar" image of the model it is associated with.

By default, the Gravatar URL will be generated based on the value of the model's email column. However, if your user's email addresses are not stored in the email column, you may pass a custom column name to the field's make method:

use Laravel\Nova\Fields\Gravatar;

// Using the "email" column...
Gravatar::make()

// Using the "email_address" column...
Gravatar::make('Avatar', 'email_address')

Heading Field

The Heading field does not correspond to any column in your application's database. It is used to display a banner across your forms and can function as a separator for long lists of fields:

Heading::make('Meta')

If you need to render HTML content within the Heading field, use the asHtml method:

Heading::make('<p class="text-danger">* All fields are required.</p>')->asHtml()

Headings And Indexes

Heading fields are automatically hidden from the resource index page.

ID Field

The ID field represents the primary key of your resource's database table. Typically, each Nova resource you define should contain an ID field. By default, the ID field assumes the underlying database column is named id:

use Laravel\Nova\Fields\ID;

// Using the "id" column...
ID::make()

// Using the "id_column" column...
ID::make('ID', 'id_column')

// Resolve BIGINT ID fields
ID::make()->asBigInt()

Image Field

The Image field extends the File field and accepts the same options and configurations. The Image field, unlike the File field, will display a thumbnail preview of the underlying image when viewing the resource:

use Laravel\Nova\Fields\Image;

Image::make('Photo')

By default, the Image field allows the user to download the linked file. To disable this you can use the disableDownload method on the field definition:

Image::make('Photo')->disableDownload();

File Fields

To learn more about defining file fields and handling uploads, check out the additional file field documentation.

Markdown Field

The Markdown field provides a WYSIWYG Markdown editor for its associated field. Typically, this field will correspond to a TEXT column in your database. The Markdown field will store the raw Markdown text within the associated database column:

use Laravel\Nova\Fields\Markdown;

Markdown::make('Biography')

By default, Markdown fields will not display their content when viewing a resource on its detail page. It will be hidden behind a "Show Content" link, that when clicked will reveal the content. You may specify the Markdown field should always display its content by calling the alwaysShow method on the field itself:

Markdown::make('Biography')->alwaysShow();

Number Field

The Number field provides an input control with a type attribute of number:

use Laravel\Nova\Fields\Number;

Number::make('price')

You may use the min, max, and step methods to set their corresponding attributes on the generated input control:

Number::make('price')->min(1)->max(1000)->step(0.01)

Password Field

The Password field provides an input control with a type attribute of password:

use Laravel\Nova\Fields\Password;

Password::make('Password')

The Password field will automatically preserve the password that is currently stored in the database if the incoming password field is empty. Therefore, a typical password field definition might look like the following:

Password::make('Password')
    ->onlyOnForms()
    ->creationRules('required', 'string', 'min:6')
    ->updateRules('nullable', 'string', 'min:6'),

Password Confirmation Field

The PasswordConfirmation field provides an input that can be used for confirming another Password field. This field will only be shown on forms:

PasswordConfirmation::make('Password Confirmation'),

Place Field

The Place field leverages the power of the Algolia Places API (opens new window) to provide ultra-fast address searching and auto-completion. An Algolia account is not required in order to leverage this field.

Typically, a Place field will be defined alongside other related address fields. In this example, in order to keep our resource tidy, we will use the merge method to extract the address field definitions into their own method:

use Laravel\Nova\Fields\Place;

/**
 * Get the fields displayed by the resource.
 *
 * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
 * @return array
 */
public function fields(Request $request)
{
    return [
        ID::make()->sortable(),
        $this->addressFields(),
    ];
}

/**
 * Get the address fields for the resource.
 *
 * @return \Illuminate\Http\Resources\MergeValue
 */
protected function addressFields()
{
    return $this->merge([
        Place::make('Address', 'address_line_1')->hideFromIndex(),
        Text::make('Address Line 2')->hideFromIndex(),
        Text::make('City')->hideFromIndex(),
        Text::make('State')->hideFromIndex(),
        Text::make('Postal Code')->hideFromIndex(),
        Country::make('Country')->hideFromIndex(),
        Text::make('Latitude')->hideFromIndex(),
        Text::make('Longitude')->hideFromIndex(),
    ]);
}

Searchable Countries

By default, the Place field will search all addresses around the world. If you would like to limit the countries included in the search, you may use the countries method:

Place::make('Address', 'address_line_1')->countries(['US', 'CA'])

City Search

If you intend to use the Place field to search for cities instead of addresses, you may use the onlyCities method to instruct the field to only list cities in its results:

Place::make('City')->onlyCities()

City Auto-Completion

When using the Place field as a city search, the state and country fields will still receive auto-completion. However, the postal_code field will not.

Configuring Field Auto-Completion

By default, the place field will auto-complete the associated address fields based on their field names. The Place field will automatically fill fields named address_line_2, city, state, postal_code, country, latitude and longitude. However, you may customize the field names that should be auto-completed using the following methods:

• secondAddressLine($column)
• city($column)
• state($column)
• postalCode($column)
• country($column)

For example:

Place::make('Address', 'address_line_1')
    ->secondAddressLine('address_2')
    ->city('city_name')
    ->state('state_code')
    ->postalCode('zip_code')
    ->country('country_code')
    ->latitude('latitude')
    ->longitude('longitude')

Select Field

The Select field may be used to generate a drop-down select menu. The select menu's options may be defined using the options method:

use Laravel\Nova\Fields\Select;

Select::make('Size')->options([
    'S' => 'Small',
    'M' => 'Medium',
    'L' => 'Large',
])

On the resource index and detail pages, the Select field's "key" value will be displayed. If you would like to display the labels instead, you may use the displayUsingLabels method:

Select::make('Size')->options([
    'S' => 'Small',
    'M' => 'Medium',
    'L' => 'Large',
])->displayUsingLabels()

You may also display select options in groups:

Select::make('Size')->options([
    'MS' => ['label' => 'Small', 'group' => 'Men Sizes'],
    'MM' => ['label' => 'Medium', 'group' => 'Men Sizes'],
    'WS' => ['label' => 'Small', 'group' => 'Women Sizes'],
    'WM' => ['label' => 'Medium', 'group' => 'Women Sizes'],
])->displayUsingLabels()

Status Field

The Status field may be used to display a "progress state" column. Internally, Nova uses the Status field to indicate the current state (waiting, running, or finished) of queued actions. However, you are free to use this field for your own purposes as needed:

The loadingWhen and failedWhen methods may be used to instruct the field which words indicate a "loading" state and which words indicate a "failed" state. In this example, we will indicate that database column values of waiting or running should display a "loading" indicator:

use Laravel\Nova\Fields\Status;

Status::make('Status')
        ->loadingWhen(['waiting', 'running'])
        ->failedWhen(['failed'])

Text Field

The Text field provides an input control with a type attribute of text:

use Laravel\Nova\Fields\Text;

Text::make('Name')

Text fields may be customized further by setting any attribute on the field. This can be done by calling the withMeta methods and passing in a valid extraAttributes value:

Text::make('Name')->withMeta(['extraAttributes' => [
    'placeholder' => 'David Hemphill']
])

Textarea Field

The Textarea field provides a textarea control:

use Laravel\Nova\Fields\Textarea;

Textarea::make('Biography')

By default, Textarea fields will not display their content when viewing a resource on its detail page. It will be hidden behind a "Show Content" link, that when clicked will reveal the content. You may specify the Textarea field should always display its content by calling the alwaysShow method on the field itself:

Textarea::make('Biography')->alwaysShow();

You may also specify the textarea's height by calling the rows method on the field:

Textarea::make('Excerpt')->rows(3);

Textarea fields may be customized further by setting any attribute on the field. This can be done by calling the withMeta methods and passing in a valid extraAttributes value:

Textarea::make('Excerpt')->withMeta(['extraAttributes' => [
    'placeholder' => 'Make it less than 50 characters']
])

Timezone Field

The Timezone field generates a Select field containing a list of the world's timezones:

use Laravel\Nova\Fields\Timezone;

Timezone::make('Timezone')

Trix Field

The Trix field provides a Trix editor (opens new window) for its associated field. Typically, this field will correspond to a TEXT column in your database. The Trix field will store its corresponding HTML within the associated database column:

use Laravel\Nova\Fields\Trix;

Trix::make('Biography')

By default, Trix fields will not display their content when viewing a resource on its detail page. It will be hidden behind a "Show Content" link, that when clicked will reveal the content. You may specify the Trix field should always display its content by calling the alwaysShow method on the field itself:

Trix::make('Biography')->alwaysShow();

File Uploads

If you would like to allow users to drag-and-drop photos into the Trix field, chain the withFiles method onto the field's definition. When calling the withFiles method, you should pass the name of the filesystem disk (opens new window) that photos should be stored on:

use Laravel\Nova\Fields\Trix;

Trix::make('Biography')->withFiles('public')

In addition, you should define two database tables to store pending and persisted Trix uploads. To do so, create a migration with the following table definitions:

Schema::create('nova_pending_trix_attachments', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->increments('id');
    $table->string('draft_id')->index();
    $table->string('attachment');
    $table->string('disk');
    $table->timestamps();
});

Schema::create('nova_trix_attachments', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->increments('id');
    $table->string('attachable_type');
    $table->unsignedInteger('attachable_id');
    $table->string('attachment');
    $table->string('disk');
    $table->string('url')->index();
    $table->timestamps();

    $table->index(['attachable_type', 'attachable_id']);
});

Finally, in your app/Console/Kernel.php file, you should register a daily job (opens new window) to prune any stale attachments from the pending attachments table and storage. Laravel Nova provides the job implementation needed to accomplish this:

use Laravel\Nova\Trix\PruneStaleAttachments;

$schedule->call(function () {
    (new PruneStaleAttachments)();
})->daily();

Computed Fields

In addition to displaying fields that are associated with columns in your database, Nova allows you to create "computed fields". Computed fields may be used to display computed values that are not associated with a database column. Since they are not associated with a database column, computed fields may not be sortable. These fields may be created by passing a callable (instead of a column name) as the second argument to the field's make method:

Text::make('Name', function () {
    return $this->first_name.' '.$this->last_name;
})

Model Attribute Access

As you may have noticed in the example above, you may use $this to access the resource's underlying model attributes and relationships.

By default, Vue will escape the content of a computed field. If you need to render HTML content within the field, use the asHtml method:

Text::make('Status', function () {
    return view('partials.status', [
        'is_passing' => $this->isPassing(),
    ])->render();
})->asHtml()

Customization

Nullable Fields

By default, Nova attempts to store all fields with a value, however, there are times where you'd like to explicitly direct Nova to store a null value when the field is empty. To do this, you may use the nullable method on your field:

Text::make('Position')->nullable();

You may also set which values should be interpreted as a null value using the nullValues method:

Text::make('Position')->nullable()->nullValues(['', '0', 'null']);

Text::make('Position')->nullable()->nullValues(function ($value) {
    return $value == '' || $value == 'null' || (int)$value === 0;
});

Field Help Text

If you would like to place "help" text beneath a field, you may use the help method:

Text::make('Tax Rate')->help(
    'The tax rate to be applied to the sale'
);

You may also use HTML when defining your help text:

Text::make('First Name')->help(
    '<a href="#">External Link</a>'
);

Text::make('Last Name')->help(
    view('partials.help-text', ['name' => $this->name])->render()
);

Field Resolution / Formatting

The resolveUsing method allows you to customize how a field is formatted after it is retrieved from your database but before it is sent to the Nova front-end. This method accepts a callback which receives the raw value of the underlying database column:

Text::make('Name')->resolveUsing(function ($name) {
    return strtoupper($name);
})

If you would like to customize how a field is formatted only when it is displayed on a resource's "index" or "detail" page, you may use the displayUsing method. Like the resolveUsing method, this method accepts a single callback:

Text::make('Name')->displayUsing(function ($name) {
    return strtoupper($name);
})